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IFR Report: How nations invest in robotics research
IFR報(bào)告：各國(guó)如何投資機(jī)器人研發(fā)

The Corona crisis highlights the important contribution that robots make to industry and to society. Research funding programs (R&D) are vital to enable and further support these developments: New technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and 5G, drive government funding in Asia, Europe and America. What are the targets of the officially driven government research funding programs and what can we learn from these findings? This has been researched by the International Federations of Robotics and published in the new paper “World Robotics R&D Programs” by IFR.

新冠危機(jī)凸顯了機(jī)器人對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)和社會(huì)的重要貢獻(xiàn)。研究資助計(jì)劃（R＆D）對(duì)于推動(dòng)和進(jìn)一步支持這些發(fā)展至關(guān)重要：人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)和5G等新技術(shù)推動(dòng)了亞洲、歐洲和美國(guó)的政府資助。官方推動(dòng)的政府研究資助計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是什么？我們可以從這些發(fā)現(xiàn)中學(xué)到什么？國(guó)際機(jī)器人聯(lián)合會(huì)（IFR）對(duì)此進(jìn)行了研究，并在其新論文《世界機(jī)器人研發(fā)計(jì)劃》中發(fā)表。

“Each country has its own characteristics of robot programs based on its specific background and history,” says Prof. Dr. Jong-Oh Park, Vice-Chair IFR Research Committee and member of the Executive Board. “Therefore, we see that robotics programs set up by the most advanced robotics countries have a very different strategic focus.”

“基于特定的背景和歷史，每個(gè)國(guó)家都有自己的機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn)，” IFR研究委員會(huì)副主席兼執(zhí)行委員會(huì)委員Jong-Oh Park教授說(shuō)。 “因此，我們看到由最先進(jìn)的機(jī)器人國(guó)家制定的機(jī)器人計(jì)劃具有顯著不同的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。”

The strategic plan Made in China 2025 comes as a blueprint to upgrade the manufacturing capabilities of Chinese industries. This includes advanced robots among the top 10 core industries. The Robot Industry Development Plan sets out the goals for China in 2020, including: (1) developing three to five globally competitive robot manufacturers, (2) creating eight to ten industrial clusters, (3) achieving 45% of domestic market share for China's high-end robots, and (4) increasing China’s robot density to 100 robots per 10,000 workers. The statistical yearbook "World Robotics" by IFR shows that China reached a robot density of 140 units per 10,000 workers in the manufacturing industry in 2018. In 2019, the Chinese government invested 577 million USD in the development of intelligent robots.

《中國(guó)制造2025》戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃是提升中國(guó)工業(yè)制造能力的藍(lán)圖。其中包括十大核心產(chǎn)業(yè)中的先進(jìn)機(jī)器人。《機(jī)器人產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃》設(shè)定了2020年中國(guó)的目標(biāo)，其中包括：（1）發(fā)展三到五家具有全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的機(jī)器人制造商；（2）創(chuàng)建八到十個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；（3）實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)高端機(jī)器人45%的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)份額;（4）將中國(guó)的機(jī)器人密度提高到每萬(wàn)名工人100臺(tái)機(jī)器人。國(guó)際機(jī)器人聯(lián)合會(huì)的《世界機(jī)器人》統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒顯示，2018年中國(guó)制造業(yè)的機(jī)器人密度達(dá)到每萬(wàn)名工人140臺(tái)。2019年，中國(guó)政府投資5.77億美元用于開(kāi)發(fā)智能機(jī)器人。

The New Robot Strategy in Japan is a key policy of the Abenomics Growth Strategy. The robot-related budget for 2019 has been increased to 351 million USD, with the aim to to make Japan the robot innovation hub in the world. The action plan includes manufacturing as well as important service sectors like healthcare, agriculture and infrastructure. According to the statistical yearbook "World Robotics" by IFR, Japan is the world´s number one industrial robot manufacturer and delivered 52% of the global supply in 2018.

日本的《機(jī)器人新戰(zhàn)略》是安倍經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)增長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略的一項(xiàng)重要政策。2019年與機(jī)器人相關(guān)的預(yù)算已增加至3.51億美元，旨在使日本成為全球機(jī)器人創(chuàng)新中心。該行動(dòng)計(jì)劃包括制造業(yè)以及重要的服務(wù)部門(mén)，例如醫(yī)療保健、農(nóng)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。根據(jù)國(guó)際機(jī)器人聯(lián)合會(huì)的《世界機(jī)器人》統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒，日本是全球第一大工業(yè)機(jī)器人制造國(guó)，2018年占全球供應(yīng)量的52％。

The Intelligent Robot Development and Supply Promotion Act of Korea is pushing to develop the robot industry in Korea as a core industry in the fourth industrial revolution. The 3rd basic plan for Intelligent Robots published in 2019 promotes systematic selection and concentration of promising public and private sectors. Focus areas are: manufacturing businesses, selected service robot areas (including healthcare and logistics), next-generation key components and key robot software. The robot-related budget for 2020 is 126 million USD (151 billion won). The statistical yearbook "World Robotics" showed a new record stock of about 300,000 operational industrial robots in the Republic of Korea in 2018 (+10%). Within five years, the country has doubled its number of industrial robots in operation. Following Japan and China, the country ranked third in 2018.

韓國(guó)的《智能機(jī)器人開(kāi)發(fā)與供應(yīng)促進(jìn)法》正在推動(dòng)將韓國(guó)的機(jī)器人產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為第四次工業(yè)革命的核心產(chǎn)業(yè)。 2019年發(fā)布的第三版“智能機(jī)器人基本計(jì)劃”促進(jìn)了有前途的公共和私營(yíng)部門(mén)的系統(tǒng)選擇和集中。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域包括:制造業(yè)務(wù)、選定的服務(wù)機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域(包括醫(yī)療保健和物流)、下一代關(guān)鍵組件和關(guān)鍵機(jī)器人軟件。2020年機(jī)器人相關(guān)預(yù)算為1.26億美元(1510億韓元)?！妒澜鐧C(jī)器人》統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒顯示，2018年韓國(guó)約有30萬(wàn)臺(tái)可操作工業(yè)機(jī)器人，創(chuàng)下新的記錄（增長(zhǎng)了10%）。在五年之內(nèi)，該國(guó)已投入使用的工業(yè)機(jī)器人數(shù)量翻了一番。僅次于日本和中國(guó)，韓國(guó)在2018年全球排名第三。

Robotics projects funded by Horizon 2020, the European Union´s 8th Framework Program, represent a wide variety of research and innovation topics – ranging from manufacturing, commercial and healthcare use to consumer, transportation, and agri-food robotics. Through this program, EC provides an estimated 780 million USD funding for robotics research and innovation over its seven-year runtime. The main topics of the Work Program 2018-2020 are related to digitization of industry through robotics, robotics applications in promising new areas, and robotics core technologies such as AI and cognition, cognitive mechatronics, socially cooperative human-robot interaction, and model-based design and configuration tools with the total budget of 173 million USD.

由歐盟第八框架計(jì)劃——“地平線(xiàn)2020”計(jì)劃(Horizon 2020)資助的機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目代表了廣泛的研究和創(chuàng)新主題——從制造業(yè)、商業(yè)和醫(yī)療保健應(yīng)用到消費(fèi)者、運(yùn)輸和農(nóng)業(yè)食品機(jī)器人。通過(guò)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，歐洲委員會(huì)在七年的運(yùn)行時(shí)間里為機(jī)器人研究和創(chuàng)新提供了大約7.8億美元的資金。《2018-2020年工作計(jì)劃》的主要議題涉及通過(guò)機(jī)器人技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)數(shù)字化，機(jī)器人技術(shù)在有希望的新領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，以及機(jī)器人技術(shù)核心技術(shù)，如人工智能和認(rèn)知、認(rèn)知機(jī)電一體化、社會(huì)合作人機(jī)交互以及基于模型的設(shè)計(jì)和配置工具，總預(yù)算為1.73億美元。

As part of its High-Tech Strategy, Germany support the use of new digital technologies within industry and administration. The “PAiCE” program with a funding budget of 55 million USD (50 million euros) over five years emphasizes the development of digital industry platforms as well as collaboration between companies using these platforms. In particular, the robotics-oriented projects are focusing on the creation of platforms for service robotics solutions in the various relevant application areas including service, logistics, and manufacturing fields. Germany is the fifth largest robot market in the world and number one in Europe, followed by Italy and France. In 2018, the number of robots sold increased by 26% to almost 27,000 units – a new all-time record.

作為其高科技戰(zhàn)略的一部分，德國(guó)支持在產(chǎn)業(yè)和行政管理中使用新的數(shù)字技術(shù)。“ PAiCE”計(jì)劃的五年預(yù)算為5500萬(wàn)美元（5000萬(wàn)歐元），著重于數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)平臺(tái)的開(kāi)發(fā)以及使用這些平臺(tái)公司之間的合作。特別是，面向機(jī)器人技術(shù)的項(xiàng)目側(cè)重于在服務(wù)、物流和制造領(lǐng)域等各種相關(guān)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中創(chuàng)建服務(wù)機(jī)器人解決方案平臺(tái)。德國(guó)是世界第五大機(jī)器人市場(chǎng)，在歐洲排名第一，其次是意大利和法國(guó)。2018年，德國(guó)售出的機(jī)器人數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了26％，約為2.7萬(wàn)臺(tái)，創(chuàng)歷史新高。

The National Robotics Initiative (NRI) in the USA was launched for fundamental robotics R&D supported by the US Government. The main goals focus on fundamental science, technologies, and integrated systems needed to achieve a vision of ubiquitous collaborative robots assisting humans in every aspect of life. Moreover, in NRI-2.0, collaboration between academia, industry, non-profit, and other organizations is encouraged. The budget of NRI for 2019 is 35 million dollars. Additional robotics funding for application in defense and space is provided through the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Mars Exploration Program. According to the statistical yearbook "World Robotics", robot installations in the United States increased for the eighth year in a row to a new peak in 2018. Regarding annual installations, the country has taken third position from the Republic of Korea.

在美國(guó)政府的支持下，美國(guó)啟動(dòng)了《國(guó)家機(jī)器人計(jì)劃》（NRI）進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)機(jī)器人技術(shù)的研發(fā)。 主要目標(biāo)集中于基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)、技術(shù)和集成系統(tǒng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)處不在的協(xié)作機(jī)器人在生活的各個(gè)方面幫助人類(lèi)的愿景。此外，在《國(guó)家機(jī)器人計(jì)劃2.0》中，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)術(shù)界、工業(yè)界、非營(yíng)利組織和其他組織之間的合作。2019年《國(guó)家機(jī)器人計(jì)劃》的預(yù)算是3500萬(wàn)美元。 美國(guó)國(guó)防部和“火星探索計(jì)劃”（Mars Exploration Program）為在國(guó)防和太空領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的機(jī)器人技術(shù)提供了額外的資金。根據(jù)《世界機(jī)器人》統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒，美國(guó)的機(jī)器人安裝量連續(xù)第八年增長(zhǎng)，在2018年達(dá)最高峰。就年度安裝量而言，美國(guó)超越韓國(guó)位居全球第三。